Writing header, configuring I/O pins, using delay function and switch operator

The only purpose of this program is to turn on a few LED diodes on port B. Anyway, use this example to study what a real program looks like. Figure below shows connection  schematic, while the program is on the next page.

When switching on, every other LED diode on the port B emits light, which indicates that the microcontroller is properly connected and operates normally.

This  example  describes  a  correctly  written  header.  It’s  the  same  for  all  the  programs described  in  this  book.  To  skip  repetitiveness,   it  will  not  be  written  in  the  following examples, but is considered to be at the beginning of every program and marked as ‘Header’.

To make this example more interesting, we will enable LEDs connected to the port B to blink. There are several ways to do it:

1.               As soon as the microcontroller  is turned  on, all LEDs will emit light for a second.

The Delay function is in charge of it in the program. It’s only needed to set delay expressed in milliseconds.

2.               After one second, the program enters the for loop and remains there as long as the variable  k is less  than  20. The  variable  is incremented  by 1 after  each  iteration.  Within the for loop,  the switch operation  monitors  port  B logic  state.  If PORTB=0xFF,  its state  is inverted into 0x00 and vice versa. Any change of these logic states causes all LEDs to blink. Duty Cycle is 5:1 (500mS:100mS).

3.               When the program exits the for loop, the port B logic state changes (0xb 01010101) and the program enters the endless whileloop and remains there as long as 1=1. The port B logic state is inverted each 200mS.